Functions of variables

Operations with active lists and dictionaries

"active_list" and "active_list_dyn" functions

These functions allow you to receive information from an active list and dynamically generate a field name for an active list and key.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Name of the active list
2. Expression that returns the field name of the active list
3. One or more expressions whose results are used to generate the key

   Usage example	Result
   active_list('Test', to_lower('DeviceHostName'), to_lower(DeviceCustomString2), to_lower(DeviceCustomString1))	Gets the field value of the active list.

Use these functions to query the active list of the shared tenant from a variable. To do so, add the @Shared suffix after the name of the active list (case sensitive). For example, active_list('exampleActiveList@Shared', 'score', SourceAddress, SourceUserName).

"table_dict" function

Gets information about the value in the specified column of a dictionary of the table type.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Dictionary name
2. Dictionary column name
3. One or more expressions whose results are used to generate the dictionary row key.

   Usage example	Result
   table_dict('exampleTableDict', 'office', SourceUserName)	Gets data from the exampleTableDict dictionary from the row with the SourceUserName key in the office column.
   table_dict('exampleTableDict', 'office', SourceAddress, to_lower(SourceUserName))	Gets data from the exampleTableDict dictionary from a composite key string from the SourceAddress field value and the lowercase value of the SourceUserName field from the office column.

Use this function to access the dictionary of the shared tenant from a variable. To do so, add the @Shared suffix after the name of the active list (case sensitive). For example, table_dict('exampleTableDict@Shared', 'office', SourceUserName).

"dict" function

Gets information about the value in the specified column of a dictionary of the dictionary type.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Dictionary name
2. One or more expressions whose results are used to generate the dictionary row key.

   Usage example	Result
   dict('exampleDictionary', SourceAddress)	Gets data from exampleDictionary from the row with the SourceAddress key.
   dict('exampleDictionary', SourceAddress, to_lower(SourceUserName))	Gets data from the exampleDictionary from a composite key string from the SourceAddress field value and the lowercase value of the SourceUserName field.

Use this function to access the dictionary of the shared tenant from a variable. To do so, add the @Shared suffix after the name of the active list (case sensitive). For example, dict('exampleDictionary@Shared', SourceAddress).

Operation with rows

"len" function

Returns the number of characters in a string.

A string can be passed as a string, field name or variable.

Usage examples

len('SomeText')

len(Message)

len($otherVariable)

"to_lower" function

Converts characters in a string to lowercase.

A string can be passed as a string, field name or variable.

Usage examples

to_lower(SourceUserName)

to_lower('SomeText')

to_lower($otherVariable)

"to_upper" function

Converts characters in a string to uppercase. A string can be passed as a string, field name or variable.

Usage examples

to_upper(SourceUserName)

to_upper('SomeText')

to_upper($otherVariable)

"append" function

Adds characters to the end of a string.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Original string.
2. Added string.

Strings can be passed as a string, field name or variable.

Usage examples	Usage result
append(Message, '123')	The string 123 is added to the end of this string from the Message field.
append($otherVariable, 'text')	The string text is added to the end of this string from the variable otherVariable.
append(Message, $otherVariable)	A string from otherVariable is added to the end of this string from the Message field.

"prepend" function

Adds characters to the beginning of a string.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Original string.
2. Added string.

Strings can be passed as a string, field name or variable.

Usage examples	Usage result
prepend(Message, '123')	The string 123 is added to the beginning of this string from the Message field.
prepend($otherVariable, 'text')	The string text is added to the beginning of this string from otherVariable.
prepend(Message, $otherVariable)	A string from otherVariable is added to the beginning of this string from the Message field.

"substring" function

Returns a substring from a string. 

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Original string.
2. Substring start position (natural number or 0).
3. (Optional) substring end position.

Strings can be passed as a string, field name or variable. If the position number is greater than the original data string length, an empty string is returned.

Usage examples	Usage result
substring(Message, 2)	Returns a part of the string from the Message field: from 3 characters to the end.
substring($otherVariable, 2, 5)	Returns a part of the string from the otherVariable variable: from 3 to 6 characters.
substring(Message, 0, len(Message) - 1)	Returns the entire string from the Message field except the last character.

"tr" function

Deletes the specified characters from the beginning and end of a string.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Original string.
2. (Optional) string that should be removed from the beginning and end of the original string.

Strings can be passed as a string, field name or variable. If you do not specify a string to be deleted, spaces will be removed from the beginning and end of the original string.

Usage examples	Usage result
tr(Message)	Spaces have been removed from the beginning and end of the string from the Message field.
tr($otherVariable, '_')	If the otherVariable variable has the _test_ value, the string _test_ is returned.
tr(Message, '@example.com')	If the Message event field contains the string user@example.com, the string user is returned.

"replace" function

Replaces all occurrences of character sequence A in a string with character sequence B.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Original string.
2. Search string: sequence of characters to be replaced.
3. Replacement string: sequence of characters to replace the search string.

Strings can be passed as an expression.

Usage examples	Usage result
replace(Name, 'UserA', 'UserB')	Returns a string from the Name event field in which all occurrences of UserA are replaced with UserB.
replace($otherVariable, ' text ', '_text_')	Returns a string from otherVariable in which all occurrences of ' text' are replaced with '_text_'.

"regexp_replace" function

Replaces a sequence of characters that match a regular expression with a sequence of characters and regular expression capturing groups.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Original string.
2. Search string: regular expression.
3. Replacement string: sequence of characters to replace the search string, and IDs of the regular expression capturing groups. A string can be passed as an expression.

Strings can be passed as a string, field name or variable. Unnamed capturing groups can be used.

In regular expressions used in variable functions, each backslash character must be additionally escaped. For example, ^example\\\\ must be used instead of the regular expression ^example\\.

Usage examples	Usage result
regexp_replace(SourceAddress, '([0-9]{1,3}).([0-9]{1,3}).([0-9]{1,3}).([0-9]{1,3})', 'newIP: $1.$2.$3.10')	Returns a string from the SourceAddress event field in which the text newIP is inserted before the IP addresses. In addition, the last digits of the address are replaced with 10.

"regexp_capture" function

Gets the result matching the regular expression condition from the original string.

You must specify the parameters in the following sequence:

1. Original string.
2. Search string: regular expression.

Strings can be passed as a string, field name or variable. Unnamed capturing groups can be used.

In regular expressions used in variable functions, each backslash character must be additionally escaped. For example, ^example\\\\ must be used instead of the regular expression ^example\\.

Usage examples	Example values	Usage result
regexp_capture(Message, '(\\\\d{1,3}\\\\.\\\\d{1,3}\\\\.\\\\d{1,3}\\\\.\\\\d{1,3})')	Message = 'Access from 192.168.1.1 session 1' Message = 'Access from 45.45.45.45 translated address 192.168.1.1 session 1'	'192.168.1.1' '45.45.45.45'

Operations with timestamps

now function

Gets a timestamp in epoch format. Runs with no arguments.

Usage examples

now()

"extract_from_timestamp" function

Gets atomic time representations (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, day of the week) from fields and variables with time in the epoch format.

The parameters must be specified in the following sequence:

1. Event field of the timestamp type, or variable.
2. Notation of the atomic time representation. This parameter is case sensitive.

   Possible variants of atomic time notation:

   • y refers to the year in number format.
   • M refers to the month in number notation.
   • d refers to the number of the month.
   • wd refers to the day of the week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.
   • h refers to the hour in 24-hour format.
   • m refers to the minutes.
   • s refers to the seconds.
3. (optional) Time zone notation. If this parameter is not specified, the time is calculated in UTC format.

   Usage examples

   extract_from_timestamp(Timestamp, 'wd')

   extract_from_timestamp(Timestamp, 'h')

   extract_from_timestamp($otherVariable, 'h')

   extract_from_timestamp(Timestamp, 'h', 'Europe/Moscow')

"parse_timestamp" function

Converts the time from RFC3339 format (for example, "2022-05-24 00:00:00", "2022-05-24 00:00:00+0300) to epoch format.

Usage examples

parse_timestamp(Message)

parse_timestamp($otherVariable)

"format_timestamp" function

Converts the time from epoch format to RFC3339 format.

The parameters must be specified in the following sequence:

1. Event field of the timestamp type, or variable.
2. Time format notation: RFC3339.
3. (optional) Time zone notation. If this parameter is not specified, the time is calculated in UTC format.

   Usage examples

   format_timestamp(Timestamp, 'RFC3339')

   format_timestamp($otherVariable, 'RFC3339')

   format_timestamp(Timestamp, 'RFC3339', 'Europe/Moscow')

"truncate_timestamp" function

Rounds the time in epoch format. After rounding, the time is returned in epoch format. Time is rounded down.

The parameters must be specified in the following sequence:

1. Event field of the timestamp type, or variable.
2. Rounding parameter:
   • 1s rounds to the nearest second.
   • 1m rounds to the nearest minute.
   • 1h rounds to the nearest hour.
   • 24h rounds to the nearest day.
3. (optional) Time zone notation. If this parameter is not specified, the time is calculated in UTC format.

   Usage examples	Examples of rounded values	Usage result
   truncate_timestamp(Timestamp, '1m')	1654631774175 (7 June 2022, 19:56:14.175)	1654631760000 (7 June 2022, 19:56:00)
   truncate_timestamp($otherVariable, '1h')	1654631774175 (7 June 2022, 19:56:14.175)	1654628400000 (7 June 2022, 19:00:00)
   truncate_timestamp(Timestamp, '24h', 'Europe/Moscow')	1654631774175 (7 June 2022, 19:56:14.175)	1654560000000 (7 June 2022, 0:00:00)

"time_diff" function

Gets the time interval between two timestamps in epoch format.

The parameters must be specified in the following sequence:

1. Interval end time. Event field of the timestamp type, or variable.
2. Interval start time. Event field of the timestamp type, or variable.
3. Time interval notation:
   • ms refers to milliseconds.
   • s refers to seconds.
   • m refers to minutes.
   • h refers to hours.
   • d refers to days.

   Usage examples

   time_diff(EndTime, StartTime, 's')

   time_diff($otherVariable, Timestamp, 'h')

   time_diff(Timestamp, DeviceReceiptTime, 'd')

Mathematical operations

These are comprised of basic mathematical operations and functions.

Basic mathematical operations

Operations:

• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
• Modulo division

Parentheses determine the sequence of actions

Available arguments:

• Numeric event fields
• Numeric variables
• Real numbers

  When modulo dividing, only natural numbers can be used as arguments.

Usage constraints:

• Division by zero returns zero.
• Mathematical operations between numbers and strings return zero.
• Integers resulting from operations are returned without a dot.

  Usage examples (Type=3; otherVariable=2; Message=text)	Usage result
  Type + 1	4
  $otherVariable - Type	-1
  2 * 2.5	5
  2 / 0	0
  Type * Message	0
  (Type + 2) * 2	10
  Type % $otherVariable	1

"round" function

Rounds numbers. 

Available arguments:

• Numeric event fields
• Numeric variables
• Numeric constants

  Usage examples (DeviceCustomFloatingPoint1=7.75; DeviceCustomFloatingPoint2=7.5 otherVariable=7.2)	Usage result
  round(DeviceCustomFloatingPoint1)	8
  round(DeviceCustomFloatingPoint2)	8
  round($otherVariable)	7

"ceil" function

Rounds up numbers.

Available arguments:

• Numeric event fields
• Numeric variables
• Numeric constants

  Usage examples (DeviceCustomFloatingPoint1=7.15; otherVariable=8.2)	Usage result
  ceil(DeviceCustomFloatingPoint1)	8
  ceil($otherVariable)	9

"floor" function

Rounds down numbers.

Available arguments:

• Numeric event fields
• Numeric variables
• Numeric constants

  Usage examples (DeviceCustomFloatingPoint1=7.15; otherVariable=8.2)	Usage result
  floor(DeviceCustomFloatingPoint1)	7
  floor($otherVariable)	8

"abs" function

Gets the modulus of a number.

Available arguments:

• Numeric event fields
• Numeric variables
• Numeric constants

  Usage examples (DeviceCustomNumber1=-7; otherVariable=-2)	Usage result
  abs(DeviceCustomFloatingPoint1)	7
  abs($otherVariable)	2

"pow" function

Exponentiates a number.

The parameters must be specified in the following sequence:

1. Base — real numbers.
2. Power — natural numbers.

Available arguments:

• Numeric event fields
• Numeric variables
• Numeric constants

  Usage examples

  pow(DeviceCustomNumber1, DeviceCustomNumber2)

  pow($otherVariable, DeviceCustomNumber1)

"str_join" function

Join multiple strings into one using a separator.

The parameters must be specified in the following sequence:

1. Separator. String.
2. String1, string2, stringN. At least 2 expressions.

   Usage examples	Usage result
   str_join('|', to_lower(Name), to_upper(Name), Name)	String.

"conditional" function

Get one value if a condition is met and another value if the condition is not met.

The parameters must be specified in the following sequence:

1. Condition. String. The syntax is similar to the conditions of the Where statement in SQL. You can use the functions of the KUMA variables and references to other variables in a condition.
2. The value if the condition is met. Expression.
3. The value if the condition is not met. Expression.

Supported operators:

• AND
• OR
• NOT
• =
• !=
• <
• <=
• >
• >=
• LIKE (RE2 regular expression is used, rather than an SQL expression)
• ILIKE (RE2 regular expression is used, rather than an SQL expression)
• BETWEEN
• IN
• IS NULL (check for an empty value, such as 0 or an empty string)

  Usage examples (the value depends on arguments 2 and 3)

  conditional('SourceUserName = \\'root\\' AND DestinationUserName = SourceUserName', 'match', 'no match')

  conditional(`DestinationUserName ILIKE 'svc_.*'`, 'match', 'no match')

  conditional(`DestinationUserName NOT LIKE 'svc_.*'`, 'match', 'no match')

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