Selecting types of detectable objects

To select types of detectable objects:

1. In the Application Console tree, select the Kaspersky Industrial CyberSecurity for Nodes node and do one of the following:
   • Click the Configure Trusted zone settings link in the results pane of the node.
   • Select Trusted zone in the node's context menu.

   The Configure Trusted zone settings window opens.

2. In the Types of detected objects section, click Settings.
3. In the window that opens, select check boxes opposite the types of objects that you want Kaspersky Industrial CyberSecurity for Nodes to detect:
   • Viruses and worms

     Subcategory: viruses and worms (Viruses_and_Worms)

     Danger level: high

     Classic viruses and worms perform actions that are not authorized by the user. They can create copies of themselves which are able to self-replicate.

     Classic virus

     When a classic virus infiltrates a computer, it infects a file, activates, performs malicious actions, and adds copies of itself to other files.

     A classic virus multiplies only on local resources of the computer; it cannot penetrate other computers on its own. It can be passed to another computer only if it adds a copy of itself to a file that is stored in a shared folder or on an inserted CD, or if the user forwards an email message with an attached infected file.

     Classic virus code can penetrate various areas of computers, operating systems, and applications. Depending on the environment, viruses are divided into file viruses, boot viruses, script viruses, and macro viruses.

     Viruses can infect files by using a variety of techniques. Overwriting viruses write their code over the code of the file that is infected, thus erasing the file's content. The infected file stops functioning and cannot be restored. Parasitic viruses modify files, leaving them fully or partially functional. Companion viruses do not modify files, but instead create duplicates. When an infected file is opened, a duplicate of it (what is actually a virus) is started. The following types of viruses are also encountered: link viruses, OBJ viruses, LIB viruses, source code viruses, and many others.

     Worm

     As with a classic virus, the code of a worm is activated and performs malicious actions after it infiltrates a computer. Worms are so named because of their ability to "crawl" from one computer to another and to spread copies via numerous data channels without the user's permission.

     The main feature that allows differentiating between various types of worms is the way they spread. The following table provides an overview of various types of worms, which are classified by the way in which they spread.

     Ways in which worms spread

      

     Type	Name	Description
     Email-Worm	Email-Worm	They spread via email. An infected email message contains an attached file with a copy of a worm, or a link to a file that is uploaded to a website which may have been hacked or created exclusively for that purpose. When you open the attached file, the worm is activated. When you click the link, download, and then open the file, the worm also starts performing its malicious actions. After that, it goes on spreading copies of itself, searching for other email addresses and sending infected messages to them.
     IM-Worm	IM client worms	They spread through IM clients. Usually, such worms send messages that contain a link to a file with a copy of the worm on a website, making use of the user's contact lists. When the user downloads and opens the file, the worm activates.
     IRC-Worm	Internet chat worms	They spread via Internet Relay Chats, service systems which allow communicating with other people over the Internet in real time. These worms publish a file with a copy of themselves or a link to the file in an Internet chat. When the user downloads and opens the file, the worm activates.
     Net-Worm	Network worms	These worms spread over computer networks. Unlike other types of worms, a typical network worm spreads without the user's participation. It scans the local network for computers that contain programs with vulnerabilities. To do this, it sends a specially formed network packet (exploit) which contains the worm code or a part of it. If a "vulnerable" computer is on the network, it receives such a network packet. When the worm completely penetrates the computer, it activates.
     P2P-Worm	File sharing network worms	They spread over peer-to-peer file sharing networks. To infiltrate a P2P network, the worm copies itself into a file sharing folder which is usually located on the user's computer. The P2P network displays information about this file so that the user may "find" the infected file on the network like any other file, and then download and open it. More sophisticated worms emulate the network protocol of a specific P2P network: they return positive responses to search queries and offer copies of themselves for download.
     Worm	Other types of worms	Other types of worms include: Worms that spread copies of themselves over network resources. By using the functions of the operating system, they scan available network folders, connect to computers on the Internet, and attempt to obtain full access to their disk drives. Unlike the previously described types of worms, other types of worms activate not on their own, but when the user opens a file that contains a copy of the worm. Worms that do not use any of the methods described in the previous table to spread (for example, those that spread over cell phones).

   • Trojans

     Subcategory: Trojans

     Danger level: high

     Unlike worms and viruses, Trojans do not self-replicate. For example, they penetrate a computer via email or a browser when the user visits an infected web page. Trojans are started with the user's participation. They begin performing their malicious actions right after they are started.

     Different Trojans behave differently on infected computers. The main functions of Trojans consist in blocking, modifying, or destroying information, and disabling computers or networks. Trojans can also receive or send files, run them, display messages on the screen, request web pages, download and install programs, and restart the computer.

     Hackers often use "sets" of various Trojans.

     Types of Trojan behavior are described in the following table.

     Types of Trojan behavior on an infected computer

     Type	Name	Description
     Trojan-ArcBomb	Trojans – "archive bombs"	When unpacked, these archives grow in size to such an extent that the computer's operation is impacted. When the user attempts to unpack such an archive, the computer may slow down or freeze; the hard disk may become filled with "empty" data. "Archive bombs" are especially dangerous to file and mail servers. If the server uses an automatic system to process incoming information, an "archive bomb" may halt the server.
     Backdoor	Trojans for remote administration	They are considered the most dangerous type of Trojan. In their functions, they are similar to remote administration applications that are installed on computers. These programs install themselves on the computer without being noticed by the user, allowing the intruder to manage the computer remotely.
     Trojan	Trojans	They include the following malicious applications: Classic Trojans. These programs perform only the main functions of Trojans: blocking, modifying or destroying information, and disabling computers or networks. They do not have any advanced features, unlike the other types of Trojans that are described in the table. Versatile Trojans. These programs have advanced features typical of several types of Trojans.
     Trojan-Ransom	Ransom Trojans	They take the user's information "hostage", modifying or blocking it, or impact the computer's operation so that the user loses the ability to use information. The intruder demands a ransom from the user, promising to send an application to restore the computer's performance and the data that had been stored on it.
     Trojan-Clicker	Trojan clickers	They access web pages from the user's computer, either by sending commands to a browser on their own or by changing the web addresses that are specified in operating system files. By using these programs, intruders perpetrate network attacks and increase website visits, increasing the number of displays of banner ads.
     Trojan-Downloader	Trojan downloaders	They access the intruder's web page, download other malicious applications from it, and install them on the user's computer. They can contain the file name of the malicious application to download, or receive it from the web page that is accessed.
     Trojan-Dropper	Trojan droppers	They contain other Trojans which they install on the hard drive and then install. Intruders may use Trojan Dropper–type programs for the following goals: Install a malicious application without being noticed by the user: Trojan Dropper–type programs display no messages, or display fake messages which inform, for example, of an error in an archive or an incompatible version of the operating system. Protect another known malicious application from detection: not all anti-virus software can detect a malicious application within a Trojan Dropper–type application.
     Trojan-Notifier	Trojan notifiers	They inform an intruder that the infected computer is accessible, sending the intruder information about the computer: IP address, number of opened port, or email address. They connect with the intruder via email, FTP, accessing the intruder's web page, or in another way. Trojan Notifier–type programs are often used in sets that are made of several Trojans. They notify the intruder that other Trojans have been successfully installed on the user's computer.
     Trojan-Proxy	Trojan proxies	They allow the intruder to anonymously access web pages by using the user's computer; they are often used for sending spam.
     Trojan-PSW	Password-stealing-ware	Password-stealing-ware is a kind of Trojan that steals user accounts, such as software registration data. These Trojans find confidential data in system files and in the registry and send it to the "attacker" by email, via FTP, by accessing the intruder's web page, or in another way. Some of these Trojans are categorized into separate types that are described in this table. These are Trojans that steal bank accounts (Trojan-Banker), steal data from users of IM clients (Trojan-IM), and steal information from users of online games (Trojan-GameThief).
     Trojan-Spy	Trojan spies	They spy on the user, collecting information about the actions that the user makes while working at the computer. They may intercept the data that the user enters at the keyboard, take screenshots, or collect lists of active applications. After they receive the information, they transfer it to the intruder by email, via FTP, by accessing the intruder's web page, or in another way.
     Trojan-DDoS	Trojan network attackers	They send numerous requests from the user's computer to a remote server. The server lacks resources to process all requests, so it stops functioning (Denial of Service, or simply DoS). Hackers often infect many computers with these programs so that they can use the computers to attack a single server simultaneously. DoS programs perpetrate an attack from a single computer with the user's knowledge. DDoS (Distributed DoS) programs perpetrate distributed attacks from several computers without being noticed by the user of the infected computer.
     Trojan-IM	Trojans that steal information from users of IM clients	They steal account numbers and passwords of IM client users. They transfer the data to the intruder by email, via FTP, by accessing the intruder's web page, or in another way.
     Rootkit	Rootkits	They mask other malicious applications and their activity, thus prolonging the applications' persistence in the operating system. They can also conceal files, processes in an infected computer's memory, or registry keys which run malicious applications. The rootkits can mask data exchange between applications on the user's computer and other computers on the network.
     Trojan-SMS	Trojans in the form of SMS messages	They infect cell phones, sending SMS messages to premium-rate phone numbers.
     Trojan-GameThief	Trojans that steal information from users of online games	They steal account credentials from users of online games, after which they send the data to the intruder by email, via FTP, by accessing the intruder's web page, or in another way.
     Trojan-Banker	Trojans that steal bank accounts	They steal bank account data or e-money system data; send the data to the hacker by email, via FTP, by accessing the hacker's web page, or by using another method.
     Trojan-Mailfinder	Trojans that collect email addresses	They collect email addresses that stored on a computer and send them to the intruder by email, via FTP, by accessing the intruder's web page, or in another way. Intruders may send spam to the addresses they have collected.

   • Malicious tools

     Subcategory: Malicious tools

     Danger level: medium

     Unlike other types of malware, malicious tools do not perform their actions right after they are started. They can be safely stored and started on the user's computer. Intruders often use the features of these programs to create viruses, worms, and Trojans, perpetrate network attacks on remote servers, hack computers, or perform other malicious actions.

     Various features of malicious tools are grouped by the types that are described in the following table.

     Features of malicious tools

      

     Type	Name	Description
     Constructor	Constructors	They allow creating new viruses, worms, and Trojans. Some constructors boast a standard window-based interface in which the user can select the type of malicious application to create, the way of counteracting debuggers, and other features.
     Dos	Network attacks	They send numerous requests from the user's computer to a remote server. The server lacks resources to process all requests, so it stops functioning (Denial of Service, or simply DoS).
     Exploit	Exploits	An exploit is a set of data or a program code that uses vulnerabilities of the application in which it is processed, performing a malicious action on a computer. For example, an exploit can write or read files, or request "infected" web pages. Different exploits use vulnerabilities in different applications or network services. Disguised as a network packet, an exploit is transmitted over the network to numerous computers, searching for computers with vulnerable network services. An exploit in a DOC file uses the vulnerabilities of a text editor. It may start performing the actions that are preprogrammed by the hacker when the user opens the infected file. An exploit that is embedded in an email message searches for vulnerabilities in any email client. It may start performing a malicious action as soon as the user opens the infected message in this email client. Net-Worms spread over networks by using exploits. Nuker exploits are network packets that disable computers.
     FileCryptor	Encryptors	They encrypt other malicious applications to conceal them from the anti-virus application.
     Flooder	Programs for "contaminating" networks	They send numerous messages over network channels. This type of tools includes, for example, programs that contaminate Internet Relay Chats. Flooder-type tools do not include programs that "contaminate" channels that are used by email, IM clients, and mobile communication systems. These programs are distinguished as separate types that are described in the table (Email-Flooder, IM-Flooder, and SMS-Flooder).
     HackTool	Hacking tools	They make it possible to hack the computer on which they are installed or attack another computer (for example, by adding new system accounts without the user's permission or by erasing system logs to conceal traces of their presence in the operating system). This type of tools includes some sniffers which feature malicious functions, such as password interception. Sniffers are programs that allow viewing network traffic.
     Hoax	Hoaxes	They alarm the user with virus-like messages: they may "detect a virus" in an uninfected file or notify the user that the disk has been formatted, although this has not happened in reality.
     Spoofer	Spoofing tools	They send messages and network requests with a fake address of the sender. Intruders use Spoofer-type tools to pass themselves off as the true senders of messages, for example.
     VirTool	Tools that modify malicious applications	They allow modifying other malware programs, concealing them from anti-virus applications.
     Email-Flooder	Programs that "contaminate" email addresses	They send numerous messages to various email addresses, thus "contaminating" them. A large volume of incoming messages prevents users from viewing useful messages in their inboxes.
     IM-Flooder	Programs that "contaminate" traffic of IM clients	They flood users of IM clients with messages. A large volume of messages prevents users from viewing useful incoming messages.
     SMS-Flooder	Programs that "contaminate" traffic with SMS messages	They send numerous SMS messages to cell phones.

   • Adware

     Subcategory: advertising software (Adware);

     Danger level: medium

     Adware displays advertising information to the user. Adware programs display banner ads in the interfaces of other programs and redirect search queries to advertising web pages. Some of them collect marketing information about the user and send it to the developer: this information may include the names of the websites that are visited by the user or the content of the user's search queries. Unlike Trojan-Spy–type programs, adware sends this information to the developer with the user's permission.

   • Auto-dialers

     Subcategory: Auto-dialers (Dialer).

     Danger level: medium

     Auto-dialers can surreptitiously establish phone connections using a modem.

   • Legitimate software that can be used by intruders to damage your computer or personal data

     Subcategory: legal software that may be used by criminals to damage your computer or personal data.

     Danger level: medium

     Most of these applications are useful, so many users run them. These applications include IRC clients, auto-dialers, file download programs, computer system activity monitors, password utilities, and Internet servers for FTP, HTTP, and Telnet.

     However, if intruders gain access to these programs, or if they plant them on the user's computer, some of the application's features may be used to violate security.

     These applications differ by function; their types are described in the following table.

      

     Type	Name	Description
     Client-IRC	Internet chat clients	Users install these programs to talk to people in Internet Relay Chats. Intruders use them to spread malware.
     Downloader	Programs for downloading	They can download files from web pages in hidden mode.
     Monitor	Programs for monitoring	They allow monitoring activity on the computer on which they are installed (seeing which applications are active and how they exchange data with applications that are installed on other computers).
     PSWTool	Password restorers	They allow viewing and restoring forgotten passwords. Intruders secretly implant them on users' computers with the same purpose.
     RemoteAdmin	Remote administration programs	They are widely used by system administrators. These programs allow obtaining access to the interface of a remote computer to monitor and manage it. Intruders secretly implant them on users' computers with the same purpose: to monitor and manage remote computers. Legal remote administration programs differ from Backdoor-type Trojans for remote administration. Trojans have the ability to penetrate the operating system independently and install themselves; legal programs are unable to do so.
     Server-FTP	FTP servers	They function as FTP servers. Intruders implant them on the user's computer to open remote access to it via FTP.
     Server-Proxy	Proxy servers	They function as proxy servers. Intruders implant them on the user's computer to send spam under the user's name.
     Server-Telnet	Telnet servers	They function as Telnet servers. Intruders implant them on the user's computer to open remote access to it via Telnet.
     Server-Web	Web servers	They function as web servers. Intruders implant them on the user's computer to open remote access to it via HTTP.
     RiskTool	Tools for working at a local computer	They provide the user with additional options when working at the user's own computer. The tools allow the user to hide files or windows of active applications and terminate active processes.
     NetTool	Network tools	They provide the user with additional options when working with other computers on the network. These tools allow restarting them, detecting open ports, and starting applications that are installed on the computers.
     Client-P2P	P2P network clients	They allow working on peer-to-peer networks. They can be used by intruders for spreading malware.
     Client-SMTP	SMTP clients	They send email messages without the user's knowledge. Intruders implant them on the user's computer to send spam under the user's name.
     WebToolbar	Web toolbars	They add toolbars to the interfaces of other applications to use search engines.
     FraudTool	Pseudo-programs	They pass themselves off as other programs. For example, there are pseudo-anti-virus programs which display messages about malware detection. However, in reality, they do not find or disinfect anything.

   • Packed objects whose packing may be used to protect malicious code

     Subcategory: Packed files that may cause harm.

     Danger level: medium.

     The file is packed using a special packer that is used for packing malware: viruses, worms, Trojans. Kaspersky Industrial CyberSecurity for Nodes scans the unpacker module within SFX (self-extracting) archives.

     To hide malware from detection by an anti-virus, hackers pack it using special packers. Kaspersky experts have identified packers that are the most popular amongst hackers.

   • Multi-packed objects

     Subcategory: Multi-packed files.

     Danger level: medium.

     The file is packed with one or more packers three or more times.

     To hide malware from detection by an anti-virus, hackers may pack a file multiple times. Kaspersky Industrial CyberSecurity for Nodes scans packed files.

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