Policy Decision Point pattern

Description

The Policy Decision Point pattern encapsulates the computation of decisions based on security model methods into a separate system component that ensures that these security methods are performed in their full scope and correct sequence.

Alternate names

Check Point, Access Decision Function.

Context

The system has functions with different levels of privileges, and the security policy is complex (contains many security model methods bound to security events).

Problem

If security policy checks are divided among different system components, the following issues arise:

• You have to carefully make sure that all necessary checks are performed in all required cases.
• It is difficult to ensure that all checks are performed in the correct order.
• It is difficult to prove that the verification system is operating correctly, has no conflicts, and its integrity has not been compromised.
• The security policy is linked to the business logic. This means that any modification of the security policy requires changes to the business logic, which complicates support and increases the likelihood of errors.

Solution

All verifications of security policy compliance are conducted in a separate component called a Policy Decision Point (PDP). This component is responsible for ensuring that verifications are conducted in their correct sequence and scope. Policy checks are separated from the code that implements the business logic.

Structure

Operation

• A Policy Enforcement Point (PEP) receives a request to access functionality or data.

  For example, the PEP may be the OS kernel. For more details, refer to Defer to Kernel pattern.

• The PEP gathers the request attributes required for making decisions on access control.
• The PEP requests an access control decision from the Policy Decision Point (PDP).
• The PDP computes a decision on whether to grant access based on the security policy and based on the information received in the request from the PEP.
• The PEP denies or allows interaction based on the decision of the PDP.

Implementation recommendations

Implementations must take into account the problem of "Verification time vs. Usage time". For example, if a security policy depends on the quickly changing status of a specific system object, a computed decision loses its relevance as quickly as the status changes. In a system that utilizes the Policy Decision Point pattern, you must take care to minimize the time interval between the access decision and the time when the request based on this decision is fulfilled.

Specialized implementation in KasperskyOS

The KasperskyOS kernel guarantees isolation of processes and serves as a Policy Enforcement Point (PEP).

Control of interaction between processes in KasperskyOS is delegated to the Kaspersky Security Module. This module analyzes each sent request and response and decides whether to allow or deny delivery based on the defined security policy. Therefore, the Kaspersky Security Module performs the role of the Policy Decision Point (PDP).

Impacts

This pattern lets you configure a security policy without making any modifications to the code that implements the business logic, and delegate system support involving information security.

Linked patterns

Use of the Policy Decision Point pattern involves use of the Distrustful Decomposition and Defer to Kernel patterns.

Implementation examples

Example of a Policy Decision Point pattern implementation: Defer to Kernel example.

Sources of information

The Policy Decision Point pattern is described in detail in the following resources:

• Chad Dougherty, Kirk Sayre, Robert C. Seacord, David Svoboda, Kazuya Togashi (JPCERT/CC), "Secure Design Patterns" (March-October 2009). Software Engineering Institute. https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/asset_files/TechnicalReport/2009_005_001_15110.pdf
• Dangler, Jeremiah Y., "Categorization of Security Design Patterns" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1119. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1119
• Schumacher, Markus, Fernandez-Buglioni, Eduardo, Hybertson, Duane, Buschmann, Frank, and Sommerlad, Peter. "Security Patterns: Integrating Security and Systems Engineering" (2006).
• Bob Blakley, Craig Heath, and members of The Open Group Security Forum. "Security Design Patterns" (April 2004). The Open Group. https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9299969899/toc.pdf